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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Macrosociolinguistics and Minority Languages</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Macrosociolinguistics and Minority Languages</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Macrosociolinguistics and Minority Languages</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-5997</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2949-5997-2025-3-1-58-70</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AZJREW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Typology of language situations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Типология языковых ситуаций</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Literary Arabic and the Syrian dialect: Functional distribution and language attitudes in Syria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Литературный арабский и сирийский диалект: функциональное распределение и языковые аттитюды в Сирии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5295-0802</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1601-8469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Haddad</surname><given-names>Aida D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаддад</surname><given-names>Аида Джихадовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. student, assistant at the General and Russian Linguistics Department, Faculty of Philology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ассистент кафедры общего и русского языкознания филологического факультета</p></bio><email>khaddad-a@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 3, NO1 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 3, №1 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Haddad A.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Хаддад А.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Haddad A.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаддад А.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://macrosociolingusictics.ru/MML/article/view/48880">https://macrosociolingusictics.ru/MML/article/view/48880</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study is devoted to analyzing the current problem of diglossia in the Arab world, in particular in the Syria. The main issue facing the researchers concerns the establishment of the actual status and functional load of literary Arabic (LA) and its dialects in the conditions of their coexistence, as well as the identification of sociolinguistic factors that determine the choice of language variant in various communicative situations. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the use of both LA and its dialects, and to determine native speakers’ attitudes towards each of these language varieties. Data were collected via a sociological survey of 1,010 respondents, predominantly from the Syria, and analysed using statistical methods. The key results indicate the persistence of diglossia, where dialects prevail in the everyday sphere, and LA is used in the official sphere. A decrease in the use of LA is observed among the younger generations. Despite the widespread use of dialects in everyday life, most respondents remain unwilling to support their recognition as full-fledged languages, which is a consequence of the existing and persistent ideology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование посвящено анализу актуальной проблемы диглоссии в арабском мире, в частности в Сирии. Основной вопрос, стоящий перед исследователями, касается установления фактического статуса и функциональной нагрузки литературного арабского языка (ЛА) и его диалектов в условиях их сосуществования, а также выявления социолингвистических факторов, которые определяют выбор языкового варианта в различных коммуникативных ситуациях. Цель исследования - выявление тенденций использования ЛА и его диалектов и определение отношения носителей к каждому из указанных вариантов языка. Материалы исследования получены путем проведения социологического опроса среди 1010 респондентов, абсолютное большинство которых из Сирии. Для оценки эмпирических данных использовались методы статистического анализа. Ключевые результаты указывают на сохранение диглоссии, при которой использование диалектов преобладает в бытовой сфере, а ЛА - в официальной сфере. Наблюдается снижение использования ЛА среди младших поколений. Несмотря на широкое использование диалектов в повседневной жизни, большинство респондентов остаются неготовыми поддерживать их признание в качестве полноценных языков, что является следствием существующей и устойчиво закрепленной идеологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arabic language</kwd><kwd>diglossia</kwd><kwd>linguistic situation</kwd><kwd>language representations</kwd><kwd>social representations</kwd><kwd>language policy</kwd><kwd>code-switching</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>арабский язык</kwd><kwd>диглоссия</kwd><kwd>языковая ситуация</kwd><kwd>репрезентации языка</kwd><kwd>социальные представления</kwd><kwd>языковые установки</kwd><kwd>языковая политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abuhakema, G.M. (2013). 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