Principles of international auxiliary languages creation on the base of essential and artificial languages

This study examines the phenomenon of language creation which has been an object of linguistics, sociology and cultural studies. Constructed languages are studied in interlinguistics, where the problems of language synthesis or language creation are researched. According to the studies, modern constructed languages are based on naturally developed (essential) languages, which follow their own laws and do not need any correction. Unlike essential languages, artificial ones require a clearly designed system and language creation principles in order to survive and be used in communication. These principles, however, should not be based on mathematical logic but on the laws of essential living languages, correcting their faults. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the study of the language creation principles, proposed by a Swiss scientist Rene de Saussure. The principles of phonemic orthography, minimum vocabulary, international vocabulary, independent words, invariable simple and complex words and unambiguity are defined and characterized on the base of the French, German and Esperanto that has become a living contact language. The principles considered enable to conclude that the Latin alphabet, with some modification, should be taken as a basis of an international language’s writing system, and each sound (phoneme) should invariably be represented by its corresponding letter (grapheme). The number of simple words (roots or affixes) should be reduced by means of the flexible system of affixes that enables to produce necessary (complex) words to coney different meanings. Vocabulary of an international language should consist of international, easily recognized words. Simple words should be invariable elements and remain unchanged both from outside (plane of expression) and inside (plane of content). At the stage of creating and introducing of a constructed language synonyms and homonyms should be avoided. An international language should be based on essential languages, borrowing their advantages and excluding their disadvantages.