No 3 (2023)

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Based on the analysis of experimental data on the dynamics of a person’s physical condition and the activity of his organs, an extended interpretation of Kolmogorov’s hydrodynamic analogy is proposed. A satisfactory description by this physical model of the wave processes of life, starting from biological and ending with historical, creates a theoretical basis for its wide application in various branches of knowledge.

The problem of the referents is that we do not know what the fundamental concepts (time, life, consciousness...), which are original for many sciences, mean. It is proposed to interpret those fragments of reality that are designated by these concepts as sign systems. This makes it possible to expand their content by using not only the causality relation, but also the selfreference relation, i.e. the relation that leads to the performativity of statements that prepare the referent of these dimensions of being. It is shown that the division of time contexts into physical (time) and grammatical time (tense) leads to self-referential relations and performativity of time, which allows using time as a general “generative grammar” for performative ordering in the mechanism of “preparation” of referents of the above fundamental concepts.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian word in different hypostases: 1) energetic, 2) sacred and 3) spiritual ones. The research deals with the Christian worldview focused on syncretic knowledge about God, the world and man. The article emphasizes the idea that not culture, but religion should be recognized as the most important category in a person's life, which determines traditions, customs, human behavior and religious identity. Language, which is a living product of the spirit, its most important activity and a number of other types of activity - art, philosophy, science, - will help to understand these problems.

In the article, based on the material of M. Gorky’s letters, the concept of “man and life” is considered and investigated as one of the deep categories of his philosophy of artistic creativity and philosophy of life. It is traced how the theme associated with man, with human life, was gradually mastered by Russian literature since the end of the Middle Ages and how it was transformed and solved in Gorky’s work at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The thesis is formulated that, along with M.V. Lomonosov and A.S. Pushkin, Gorky is a symbol and embodiment of one of the most important periods in the development of Russian culture. It is proved that the purpose of literature, according to Gorky’s philosophy of culture, is to depict man as a creator and the highest stage in the development of nature. The qualities of a person that are integral to his social essence are identified and systematized. An assessment of the personality of the writer himself is given on the basis of numerous statements about him by domestic and foreign cultural figures. The role and significance of Gorky in Russian, Russian and world literature and culture is determined.

The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the work of the Kyrgyz humanist writer of the Soviet period, Chingiz Aitmatov, whose early work is characterised as a fascination with the “Soul of Faust.” (Spirit of Faust) The result of this was the writer’s earlier works, where he fervently perceives the ideas of progress, socialism, and enlightenment, in other words, the main ideas of the modern era. Later, under the huge influence of Russian classical literature, as well as active study of traditional Kyrgyz culture, he spoke on such fundamental metaphysical topics as people, personality, fate, morality, etc., thereby trying to get rid of the “Soul of Faust” (Spirit of Faust), more and more asserting himself as a traditional humanist. But despite these attempts, the writer still retained some ambivalence: on the one hand, he acted as a staunch critic of modernity, and on the other, he perceived the modernization process as an objective development of history that needs to be perceived and comprehended. The results of the writer's later ideas are new concepts such as “Mankurt” and “Ixrod” usually used to describe the consciousness of a person who became possible at the junction of modernity with tradition. To a certain extent, these concepts are identical to the idea of “DasMan” by M. Heidegger. This indicates that after the Second World War, a critical understanding of the ideals of modernity reigned among European intellectuals, to which Chingiz Aitmatov also adjoins.