No 1 (2021)

The work is devoted to the epistemological analysis of the formation of the idea of mentality in modern humanitarian knowledge. The sources, approaches and main directions in the understanding of mentality in the science of the 20-21st centuries are considered. The idea is being developed that the dynamic path of teaching about mentality in modern culture can be presented as an ascent from polydisciplinarity in the study of mentality to the creation of mentology as an integrative discipline. The idea is that in order to understand the processes of the formation of the idea of mentality in humanitarian knowledge, it is necessary to take into account, in addition to the immanent perspective of the presentation of this topic as part of individual disciplines, also the general context of the formation of humanitarian knowledge. The question of the heuristic value of ideas and principles of doctrines about integrity for the development of integrative concepts of mentality is discussed. It is suggested that the “anthropology of wholeness” can be chosen as an ontological basis for the development of mentology, and “philosophy of wholeness” in its various versions, based on the principles of holism, and particularly - on the principle of all-encompassing unity, can be chosen as a methodological tool for constructing this discipline.

This article is devoted to the disclosure of the mental characteristics of the Russian language personality. Particular attention is paid to the synthetic structure of the language, the nonfixed order of words in the sentence and the category of impersonality, which together create a culturally specific mental context of language, speech and scientific discourse.

Based on the material of Russian linguistics, the article proves the thesis about the ethnomenal conditionality of research activity in terms of its various components: by the nature, quality, volume of factual material, selection of methods and ways of research, by observing the principle of consistency and historical and cultural localization of observations and generalizations. Signs of scientific ethno-mentality are identified and considered on the example of research by a number of prominent figures of Russian science.

The article is devoted to the discussion of ethnology in the works of L.N. Gumilyov, L.N. Tolstoy, V. Vernadsky and other domestic and foreign thinkers. Special attention is paid to the scientific and religious (Christian) interpretation of the ethnos, its origin and essence.

The metaphysical crisis of postmodern mentality is primarily associated with the rapid development of so-called closely interconnected convertible technologies, which in their totality are often presented as techno-or digital science. These technologies are fraught with dangers associated with a complete change in the human mentality, up to the appearance of the so-called “posthuman”.

The article is devoted to the discussion of research in the field of fundamental theoretical physics in Russia. The role of fundamental physics and the attitude of a number of colleagues to it are shown. A close connection between the development of modern fundamental physics and the principles of metaphysics is indicated. Important considerations about the foundations of fundamental physics, expressed by well-known Russian scientists in the middle of the 20th century and at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, are presented.

The article makes an attempt to comprehend the worldview paradigms based on the dialectic of the concepts “part” - “whole”, on the one hand, and “time” - “eternity,” on the other. These paradigms are realized in theological concepts, mathematical theories and social doctrines. It is the social embodiment of these paradigms that is most acute. Analyzing the world of sets and its broader context of Neoplatonism, one can formulate a hypothesis about deep collisions of the leading doctrine of modern society and possible ways of resolving these collisions.